A method of structure validation and parameter estimation based on adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed. For an assembled polynomial nonlinear system, the correlation coefficient between the selected candidate item’s initial sequence and its output sequence is calculated, and the chromosome’s structure of genetic algorithm is coded adaptively according to the correlation coefficient array. After that, the correlation coefficient between the candidate item’s contribution sequence and the lost sequence that caused by this item is calculated, the items with smaller correlation coefficients are eliminated, and the model’s structure is regulated. Finally the model’s structure and parameters can be obtained by repeating the above steps. Several simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.