Emergency resource transportation is a kind of important activity in post-disaster emergency response campaign. A multi-period emergency transportation model is proposed, in which both the delivery of relief commodities and the evacuation of critical population are considered. Then, a rolling-horizon framework based on the model predictive control(MPC) method is innovatively introduced. After that, an adjustment policy is proposed to adapt to the evolution of supply and demand and to satisfy the real-time adjustment requirement caused by the inaccuracy of prediction on supply and demand. The numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-period relief transportation model and the MPC based rolling-horizon framework. Additionally, compared with the traditional multi-period relief transportation planning method, the proposed method can effectively decrease the amount of total weighted unmet demand, and obviously eliminate the influence on the optimization objective caused by the inaccuracy of predictions.