In the modern economy, the inter-bank business relationship forms a complicated network system. It has become a hotspot that studies the problem of banking system based on the complex network theory in recent years. This paper sorts out the research progress of research literature, and reviews the research progress of this theory on the characteristics of banking network structure, the risk infection of banking system, the systematic risk assessment of banking system and the robustness of banking system. Finally, the paper points out the dinection of further exploration for the application of the complex network theory in the banking system.