An adaptive event-triggered $H_{\infty}$ control method is proposed for the uncertain aero-engine distributed control systems with actuator fault, external disturbance, input-output quantization error and network induced time delay. Firstly, the actuator fault, external disturbance, quantization error and system uncertainty are mathematically described, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism is given to improve the utilization of network resources, and a closed-loop system mathematical model considering the above factors is established. Then, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method is utilized to establish a sufficient condition to ensure the asymptotic stability of the system, and a co-design method of adaptive event trigger and $H_{\infty}$ controller in the form of linear matrix inequality is given. Under the given simulation conditions, the adaptive event-triggered mechanism saves 94 % of the network resources, which is an improvement of 46.4 % compared to the ordinary event triggers. The simulation results show that the proposed event trigger and controller can ensure that the system is asymptotically stable despite the undesirable factors considered above.