Bipartite component consensus refers to a phenomenon in which, within a multi-agent system, the state components of agents with similar characteristics asymptotically converge to the same value, while the corresponding state components of the remaining agents converge to the opposite value. It is a dynamic behavior weaker than bipartite consensus. Therefore, the bipartite component consensus problem is investigated in the nonlinear multi-agent systems on switched network topologies. Firstly, considering the nonlinear multi-agent network system on signed directed graphs, and the control protocol switches accordingly if the switching network topology satisfies the structural balance condition. Then, by designing the appropriate control protocol, establishing the corresponding error system, combining the graph theory, stability theory and matrix theory, the sufficient conditions for the multi-agent system to realize the bipartite component consensus when the switching topology occurs are obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the theoretical results is verified by numerical simulation.