考虑多换电站的多无人机应急电力巡检路径规划方法
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C93

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国家自然科学基金面上项目(72271076, 71971075, 71871079);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085QG 233).


Multi-UAV emergency power inspection path planning method considering multiple charging stations
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    摘要:

    多无人机应急电力巡检的时间十分有限, 在选择关键巡检目标时需要考虑各目标的故障概率差异, 同时为提升巡检效率, 可以引进换电站降低无人机续航能力不足的影响. 针对上述特点, 将考虑多换电站的多无人机应急电力巡检路径规划问题建模为多站点多航次团队定向问题, 并设计一种融合软演员-评论家模型的遗传算法(SAC-GA). 首先, 在遗传算法中加入两类局部搜索算子, 以优化多无人机访问目标的选择和缩短无人机飞行路径距离. 其次, 提出一种基于SAC模型的参数调优机制, 利用SAC模型基于最大熵学习策略的优势, 在遗传算法迭代过程中, 根据历史学习经验和种群的状态动态生成合适的交叉、变异概率以及染色体再插入中的权距比. 实验结果表明, 算法在小规模实验和大规模实验上均具有明显优势, 并通过消融实验验证SAC-GA中局部搜索算子的有效性和参数调整方法的优越性. 最后, 通过案例分析验证算法在不同应急场景下的有效性.

    Abstract:

    Limited time for multi-UAV emergency power inspection requires prioritizing targets based on fault probabilities. In order to improve the inspection efficiency, multi-charging stations can be introduced to reduce the impact of insufficient endurance of UAVs. The problem is formulated as a multi-depot multi-visit team orienteering problem and addressed using a genetic algorithm with a soft actor-critic (SAC) model. The algorithm first incorporates two types of local search operators into the evolution process of the traditional genetic algorithm to optimize the selection of multiple UAVs visiting targets and to reduce the flight path distance of the UAVs. Then, a method for dynamically adjusting the parameters of the genetic algorithm using reinforcement learning is proposed. By using the SAC model based on maximum entropy policy learning, during the iteration of the genetic algorithm, dynamically adjusts crossover, mutation rates, and weight distance ratios in chromosome reinsertion based on past learning and population state. Experiments show the algorithm's effectiveness in small and large-scale tests, with ablation experiments validating the local search operator's effectiveness and the superiority of the parameter tuning method. Finally, the algorithm’s efficacy in various emergency scenarios is validated via simulations.

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秦文龙,罗贺,李晓多,等.考虑多换电站的多无人机应急电力巡检路径规划方法[J].控制与决策,2025,40(8):2391-2399

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-07-11
  • 出版日期: 2025-08-20
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