According to traditional fault rule matching method based on similarity taking no account of overall matching degree between input conditions and rule antecedents, bipartite graph optimal matching method is adopted to optimize the matching process in this paper. Then it is applied to fault diagnosis reasoning, and fault rule matching optimization algorithm based on bipartite graph is proposed. The example analysis shows that, compared with other similarity matching algorithms, the proposed algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of matching rules and reduces the matching time meanwhile.