An approach of active fault-tolerant control based on signal reconfiguration is proposed for the fault of missile attitude control systems caused by failed inertial sensors. To realize the active fault-tolerant control of missile attitude control systems, numerical integrator based on trapezoid algorithm and finite-time-convergent differentiator are used to reconfigure attitude angle signals and angular rate signals, and fault signals are substituted for reconfiguration signals, when the failure of attitude angle sensor or angular rate sensor is detected through online diagnosis. Based on establishing a model of missile attitude control system and designing an output feedback controller by adopting suboptimal control method, simulation is carried out and the result shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.