To suppress structure vibration and avoid control spillover, a robust boundary controller is proposed for active vibration control of an axially moving system with high ac-deceleration. The proposed robust boundary controller, which is based on the infinite-dimensional model of the axially moving system, employs the robust boundary technique and Lyapunov’s direct method to reduce the axially moving system vibration. The robustness of designed controller is developed by using the sign function for eliminating the influence of uncertain disturbances. With the proposed robust boundary control method，the control system stability and uniform boundary are both achieved．Simulation results indicate that the proposed robust boundary control method effectively suppresses the vibration of the axially moving structure.