A routing and clustering algorithm is proposed for the problem of large energy consumption and low network lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.Firstly,in order to balance the energy consumption of cluster head nodes,the gravitational search algorithm is used to optimize the communication link planning so as to reduce the energy consumption of the load of the cluster head nodes.Then the ordinary nodes are divided into clusters according to the energy difference between ordinary nodes and high energy nodes and the load of cluster head nodes.The experiment results show that the proposed routing and clustering algorithm outperform the existing algorithms in terms of various performance metrics including energy consumption and first gateway die.