As energy consumption is an important index to measure the performance of wireless sensor networks, prolonging lifetime and balancing energy consumption are important objectives during the design of network protocols. An overlapping multi-hop unequal clustering routing algorithm for static, heterogeneous and non-uniform network models is proposed. In this algorithm, the cluster head is no longer used as the data forwarding node, and is mainly responsible for the reception and fusion of data in the cluster. The residual energy, node density and the distance to the base station are considered for cluster head election and cluster formation. At the same time, overlapping areas between clusters are formed to generate relay nodes for data forwarding. The mechanism of cluster head and relay node rotation is established to ensure the balance of energy consumption. Moreover, a most energy-efficient multi-hop data transmission path is established for each node. The simulation results show that the clustering routing algorithm designed in this paper can effectively reduce and equalize the energy consumption, especially in large-scale wireless sensor networks.