Exploring the allocation efficiency of Chinese adult education resources significantly contributes to the optimization of adult education resources allocation and the reforming direction of the future adult education. Through the construction of the input-output index system, this paper evaluates the allocation efficiency of adult education resources in 30 China provinces using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The results show that there is a widespread inefficient problem in the adult education resources allocation in urban areas of China. Most of the provinces with ineffective allocation of educational resources have serious redundancy in investment in fixed assets and land use, but there is rare shortage of outputs. As a result, competent departments of adult education should pay close attention to the differences in educational development in various regions, especially to the differences in the efficiency of educational resources allocation. Overall consideration ought to be given to promote the high-efficiency resources allocation and the healthy development of adult education in China.