In order to solve the problem of spectrum optimization caused by D2D (device-to-device) communication multiplexing uplink channel of heterogeneous cellular networks, this paper proposes a resource allocation scheme based on improved discrete pigeon-inspired optimization(PIO). In this mechanism, the user's quality of service(QoS) can be guaranteed by setting the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio(SINR) threshold. First, resources are allocated for D2D users with the binary discrete pigeon-inspired optimization based on improved map-compass operators and cognitive factors(IMCBPIO). Then, adjusting the transmission power of the users with the closed-loop power control algorithm based on the receiving SINR to reduce the interference among users, base stations and users. The simulation results show that,the proposed scheme can effectively suppress interference caused by the introduction of D2D users in the heterogeneous network, and reduce the outage probability of communication users, as well as improve the spectrum utilization and the system throughput.