Given different regions affected by disasters, we use the relative deprivation cost to measure differences among injured persons’ sufferings, and study the cross-regional collaborative routing problem in the rescue of injured people considering time window restrictions and differentiated disaster relief. Taking the minimization of the total rescue time, the absolute and relative deprivation cost as multiple objectives, we build a routing optimization model of cross-regional collaborative emergency rescue considering efficiency and fairness. By comparing the non-cooperative rescue of different regions with the cross-regional collaboration mode based on the distance or time principle, we discuss the applicability and efficiency of different cross-regional emergency collaboration strategies. The results provide some suggestions for establishing an effective cross-regional collaborative emergency rescue system.