This paper proposes a kind of adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method to improve the performance of the magnetic suspension control system of a controllable excitation linear synchronous motor(CELSM). According to the specific structure and operation mechanism of a CELSM, the mathematical model of a CELSM magnetic suspension system is established, including the voltage equation of the excitation circuit, the magnetic suspension force equation and the motion equation. The integral sliding mode surface and the piecewise approach law are designed. The system state trajectory can automatically switch the approach speed according to the distance from the sliding mode surface, cross the sliding mode surface with a small slope to reduce the chattering of the system, and the corresponding sliding mode controller is deduced. In order to overcome the influence of uncertainty disturbance on the system, an adaptive law is designed to make the adaptive fuzzy system estimate the uncertainty disturbance in real time, and the feedforward compensation control is carried out with the estimated value to reduce the switching gain in the control law and the chattering of the system, and the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is further derived. Matlab is used to simulate the control system, and the simulation results show that the performance of the CELSM magnetic suspension system with adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is improved.