The construction of product traceability systems is an important aspect of improving the governance structure of economic globalization, which is of great significance to ensure product quality and safety, protect consumer rights and interests, and promote social development. This paper surveys the research results related to product traceability from the existing product traceability frameworks, methods and system platforms. Firstly, the product traceability frameworks are introduced from four angels, including traceability information storage, traceability depth enhancement, traceability modular design and traceability supervision. Next, the product traceability methods are respectively introduced and analyzed from two categories, including product labeling-based traceability methods and blockchain-based traceability methods. Then, the product traceability system platforms are introduced in four application domains including food husbandry, supply chain, digital certificate and intellectual property. Finally, based on the survey and analysis of the existing product traceability research work, this paper analyzes the current challenges and future development prospects of product traceability from five aspects, including heterogeneous multi-source traceability data management architecture, member sharing incentive and trusted cooperation mechanism, traceability data security, real-time traceability assurance and effective supervision of traceability process.