As living standards have improved and consumption levels have increased, the demand for cold chain logistics distribution has increased. In cold chain logistics companies, multiple transportation tasks must be performed simultaneously. Optimizing the distribution route to reduce logistics costs while ensuring customer satisfaction is an urgent concern that must be addressed. In this study, a mathematical model of cold chain logistics distribution was established. This model considers costs related to vehicle usage, fuel consumption, carbon emissions, refrigeration, cargo damage, time window penalties, and the constraint of customer satisfaction. Subsequently, a multifactoral optimization sharing framework was combined with the symbiotic organism search algorithm, and a position transformation strategy was introduced to promote the sharing of effective route information. Therefore, the position transform multitasking symbiotic organism search (PTMSOS) algorithm was proposed. Then PTMSOS was applied to solve a set of cold chain logistics distribution problems concurrently. Experimental results show that PTMSOS can accelerate the convergence speed of multiple cold chain logistics distribution problems and significantly reduce costs.