With the enhancement of living standards and the rise in consumption levels, there has been a corresponding surge in the demand for cold chain logistics distribution. In cold chain logistics companies, multiple transportation tasks must be performed simultaneously. Optimizing the distribution route to reduce logistics costs while ensuring customer satisfaction is an urgent concern that must be addressed. Therefore, a mathematical model of cold chain logistics distribution is established firstly, which considers costs related to vehicle usage, fuel consumption, carbon emissions, refrigeration, cargo damage, time window penalties, and the constraint of customer satisfaction. Then, a multifactoral optimization sharing framework is combined with the symbiotic organism search algorithm, and a position transformation strategy is introduced to promote the sharing of effective route information. Finally, the position transform multitasking symbiotic organism search (PTMSOS) algorithm is proposed, which is applied to solve a set of cold chain logistics distribution problems concurrently. Experimental results show that the PTMSOS can accelerate the convergence speed of multiple cold chain logistics distribution problems and significantly reduce costs.