It is of great significance to accurate perception and cognition of the operating performance of complex industrial processes for the realization of process intelligent control and optimization decision. This is also one of the key issues to be solved for the current realization of industrial artificial intelligence. The traditional process monitoring theory system cannot meet the demands of the modern industrial production process for the refinement and accuracy of the process operating state cognition. Hence, the operation performance assessment technology of complex industrial processes comes into being. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of academia and industry and developed rapidly. Based on the main characteristics of complex industrial processes and the problems faced in the process of data extraction, this paper reviews the operation performance assessment methods of related industrial processes based on data-driven. Then, according to the results of non-optimal evaluation, the reasons leading to non-optimal performance are summarized, and the traceability method of relevant non-optimal factors is further given. Finally, a summary and outlook of existing research and directions of development in this area that merit further research is provided.