Aiming at the problem of power supply shortage in a distribution network caused by extreme weather disasters, a unified failure rate calculation model of a distribution network considering various types of extreme weather is proposed to realize the pre-disaster failure scenario prediction of the distribution network. Then, an evaluation index of distribution network resilience including overall resilience and reccovery speed is proposed. Before the disaster occurs, based on the weather disaster prediction scenario, a mobile energy storage pre-scheduling model is established with the target of minimum load reduction, mobile energy storage mobile cost and charge-discharge cost, so as to effectively reduce the blackout time in disaster. After the disaster occurs, with the change of the course of the disaster, the traffic conditions under the influence of extreme weather present different degrees of congestion or slippery conditions, which further affects the actual disaster relief capability of the mobile energy storage vehicles. Therefore, a time-space dynamic optimization scheduling method of mobile energy storage rescue state and charging state considering the influence of the traffic network is proposed. Finally, taking the actual ice disaster in a northeast city as an example, the results show that the mobile energy storage “pre-disaster + post-disaster” multimodal scheduling strategy considering the impact of extreme weather on the traffic network can effectively improve the resilience level of the distribution network.