Optimization of train operation organization in urban rail transit is crucial for reducing traction energy consumption, lowering costs, and promoting sustainability. First, this paper proposes a three-level energy-efficient train operation organization framework, encompassing "macro-level line planning, meso-level energy-efficient timetabling, and micro-level energy-efficient driving strategies". Then, bibliometric analysis is conducted to map the knowledge structure in the domain of urban rail transit energy-efficient train operational organization, thereby clarifying current research hotspots. Finally, this paper elaborates on detailed energy-efficient optimization strategies, detailing their optimization principles and application value. These strategies include asymmetric operation patterns, network-based line planning, express-local train scheduling, flexible train formations, energy-efficient timetabling with and without considering the utilization of regenerative braking energy, optimizing single-train speed profiles, multi-train cooperative control, multi-level cooperative optimization. Existing research outcomes provide theoretical support and practical guidance for energy-efficient train operation organization. Future research trends include deep integration of energy storage devices, network-level energy-efficient operational organization, and the application of emerging artificial intelligence technologies.