Steel production is a vital pillar of the national economy. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of information technology, collaborative planning has become a key means to enhance the operational efficiency and resilience of steel enterprises. This paper first provides a comprehensive review of existing research on collaborative planning across the steel production and industrial chains from three perspectives: procurement-production coordination, inter-process coordination, and production-distribution coordination. It then identifies three major challenges currently facing steel production and industrial chain collaborative planning: fragmented information across the entire industry chain, insufficient coordination between production and industrial chain planning, and inadequate resilience in resource allocation. Finally, it outlines future research priorities, including the optimization framework for production–industrial chain collaboration, full-scope sensing and forecasting across production and industrial chains, data-driven multi-dimensional collaborative planning optimization, and resilient resource allocation mechanisms for industrial chains. The study aims to provide theoretical insights and practical references for building a high-end, intelligent, and resilient collaborative planning system for the steel industry.