基于双重值修正的离线强化学习
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TP18

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国家自然科学基金项目 (62573416, 62373364).


Offline reinforcement learning based on dual value correction
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    摘要:

    离线强化学习(ORL)依赖固定数据集进行动态决策学习, 常因分布外动作引发外推误差. 现有方法通常通过约束策略分布或采用保守的$Q $值估计来缓解该问题, 但由此带来的悲观性会导致习得的策略次优. 为此, 从提升值函数估计准确性的角度出发, 构造一种$Q $值修正(QVC)贝尔曼算子, 其以习得$Q $函数与行为$Q $函数之间的差异作为方向性信号, 对$Q $函数更新目标进行有界修正. 在此基础上, 将QVC贝尔曼算子与分布内贝尔曼算子相结合, 提出平衡贝尔曼算子以更好地利用分布内外数据. 理论结果表明, 通过平衡贝尔曼算子迭代得到的$Q $函数具有收敛性, 且其与真实$Q $函数之间的误差是有界的. 进一步, 将平衡贝尔曼算子集成至隐式$Q $学习中, 并在$V $函数更新过程中引入针对$Q $值高估与低估的自适应修正机制, 提出基于双重值修正的离线强化学习(ORL-DVC)方法. 实验结果表明, 在D4RL基准的Gym-Mujoco移动控制和AntMaze导航控制任务中, ORL-DVC的平均归一化得分达到80.9和62.7, 整体性能优于现有主流ORL方法, 体现出更优的泛化性能.

    Abstract:

    Offline reinforcement learning (ORL) leverages fixed datasets for dynamic decision-making, but is often prone to extrapolation errors due to out-of-distribution actions. Existing approaches typically mitigate this issue by constraining the policy distribution or applying conservative $Q $-value estimation, but the induced pessimism often leads to suboptimal policies. To address this issue, this paper introduces a $Q $-value correction (QVC) Bellman operator from the perspective of improving the accuracy of value function estimation. The QVC Bellman operator uses the difference between the learned and behavior $Q $-functions as a directional signal, applying bounded adjustments to the $Q $-value update target. Building on this, we combine the QVC Bellman operator with the in-distribution Bellman operator to form a balanced Bellman operator, enabling more effective utilization of both in-distribution and out-of-distribution data. Theoretical analysis confirms that the $Q $-function derived from iterative application of the balanced Bellman operator is convergent, and its deviation from the true $Q $-function is bounded. Furthermore, we integrate the balanced Bellman operator into implicit $Q $-learning and incorporate an adaptive correction mechanism in $ V $-function update to jointly address $Q $-value overestimation and underestimation, thus proposing a novel ORL method based on dual value correction (ORL-DVC). Experimental results on the D4RL benchmark, including Gym-Mujoco locomotion and AntMaze navigation tasks, demonstrate that ORL-DVC achieves an average normalized score of 80.9 and 62.7, respectively, outperforming existing state-of-the-art ORL methods with superior generalization capability.

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杨露,王雪松,金可,等.基于双重值修正的离线强化学习[J].控制与决策,2026,41(9):2580-2590

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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-08-20
  • 出版日期: 2026-09-10
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