拥挤水域中的无人船智能避碰决策与航迹跟踪控制
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大连海事大学 船舶电气工程学院,辽宁 大连 116026

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E-mail: dujl66@163.com.

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TP183

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Intelligent collision avoidance decision-making and trajectory tracking control for USVs in congested waters
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School of Marine Electrical Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China

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    摘要:

    无人船在拥挤水域中自主航行时,大量的其他船舶与静态障碍物、海洋环境扰动和无人船的不确定动态加剧了无人船的碰撞风险.针对此问题,设计无人船智能避碰决策与航迹跟踪控制方案.首先,根据无人船航行水域中其他船舶和静态障碍物的数量评估拥挤程度,并将其引入现有的船舶碰撞风险度评估函数,合理评估拥挤水域中无人船的碰撞风险;然后,创建双向长短时记忆神经网络,根据由无人船在过去有限时域内的航迹跟踪控制信号和驶过航迹组成的输入序列,估计在未来有限时域内基于无人船运动数学模型标称参数的无人船航迹预测误差.通过在线更新神经网络权重,使估计的航迹预测误差可被用于修正由无人船的不确定动态和遭受的海洋环境扰动导致的航迹预测误差,实现具有自学习能力的无人船航迹智能预测;最后,基于模型预测控制思想,求解以最小化无人船剩余航行距离和碰撞风险为目标,以无人船动态、无人船与其他船舶和静态障碍物的安全距离为约束的优化问题,获得避碰操纵的期望航迹和航迹跟踪控制信号.仿真和仿真结果表明,在所设计的智能避碰决策与航迹跟踪控制方案下,无人船自主航行的实际距离更短,与其他船舶的碰撞风险更低.

    Abstract:

    When an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) navigates autonomously in congested waters, a large number of other vessels and static obstacles, ocean environment disturbances, and USV uncertain dynamics exacerbate USV collision risks (CRs). Therefore, a USV intelligent collision avoidance (COLAV) decision-making and trajectory tracking control scheme is designed. Firstly, the congestion degree are assessed according to the numbers of other vessels and static obstacles in USV sailing waters, which are introduced into an existing CR index assessment function, such that the CRs of the USV in congested waters are assessed reasonably. Then, a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (NN) is established to estimate the USV trajectory prediction errors in a future finite time domain based on the USV motion mathematical model nominal parameters, according to input sequences consisting of the USV trajectory tracking control signals and the passed trajectory in a past finite time domain. The NN's weights are updated online, such that the estimated USV trajectory prediction errors can be used to correct the USV trajectory prediction errors caused by ocean environment disturbances and USV uncertain dynamics, implementing the USV intelligent trajectory prediction with self-learning ability. Finally, based on the idea of model predictive control, we obtain the desired trajectory and control signals for USV COLAV maneuvers by solving the optimization problem whose objective is to minimize the USV remaining sailing distance and CR, constrained by the USV dynamics and the safe distances from the USV to other vessels and static obstacles. Simulation and simulation comparison results show that under the proposed intelligent COLAV decision-making and trajectory tracking control scheme, the USV actual sailing distance of its autonomous navigation is shorter and the CR of the USV is lower.

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陶毅涵,杜佳璐.拥挤水域中的无人船智能避碰决策与航迹跟踪控制[J].控制与决策,2025,40(1):214-222

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-12
  • 出版日期: 2025-01-20
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