The security and stability of supply chain are crucial for the economic circulation of major nations. In the context of increasingly fierce global supply chain competition, the risk of supply chain disruption is rising. Therefore, the maintenance of supply chain security has become a crucial safeguard for enhancing China's international competitiveness. In this context, supply chain security is receiving more attention from both academia and industry. However, the existing research related to supply chain security is relatively scattered, and the research questions lack refinement. To advance researches on supply chain security, this study systematically reviews Chinese and English literature published in the field of supply chain security from 2001 to 2024. Specifically, this study comprehensively reviews and summarizes the concept, dimension, theory, antecedent, effect, research method, and measurement indicator of supply chain security, constructing a research framework focused on supply chain security. On this basis, this study proposes several future research directions of supply chain security, which provides theoretical and practical guidance for maintaining supply chain security and promoting high-quality sustainable development of Chinese companies.