面向多楼层取送货问题的深度强化学习稀疏跨层路径优化方法
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江南大学

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TP181

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(62503198,62272202),江苏省自然科学基金(BK20221068)


DRL-SCFO: Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Sparse Cross-Floor Path Optimization for Multi-Floor Pickup and Delivery Problems
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National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62503198 and 62272202), Basic Research Program of Jiangsu (Grant No. BK20221068)

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    摘要:

    基于自动化运输技术的取送货问题在多楼层环境中面临严峻挑战,其主要原因在于楼层间电梯数量有限形成的子区域间稀疏连接拓扑,使得现有基于深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning, DRL)的路径优化方法难以规划出跨楼层的优质路径。为此,本文提出一种基于DRL的稀疏跨层路径优化(DRL-based Sparse CrossFloor Optimization, DRL-SCFO)方法。DRL-SCFO的编码器同时提取楼层内与楼层间的空间特征,并采用自适应策略融合二者,从而有效地建模复杂的跨楼层拓扑关系。解码器将每个决策步骤分为两阶段:首先进行全局路径规划确定潜在的指引节点,然后以该节点为导向选择局部路径点。这种结合了全局与局部视角的机制,增强了模型的空间感知能力和决策准确性。大量实验表明,DRL-SCFO在解决多楼层取送货问题上显著优于现有的基于DRL的路径优化方法,并且能够适用于不同的任务拓扑结构与问题规模。

    Abstract:

    Pickup and delivery problems in multi-floor environments pose significant challenges for automated transportation systems, mainly due to the sparse inter-floor connectivity caused by the limited number of elevators. This results in loosely connected subregions, which makes it difficult for existing path optimization methods to generate high-quality cross-floor routes. Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown strong potential in vehicle routing problems, most DRL-based approaches struggle to effectively model such sparse cross-floor topologies. To address this issue, this paper proposes a DRL-based sparse cross-floor path optimization (DRL-SCFO) method. In DRL-SCFO, the encoder jointly extracts spatial features within individual floors and across different floors, and integrates them through an adaptive fusion strategy to capture complex cross-floor topological structures. The decoder decomposes each decision step into two stages: a global planning stage to determine a potential target, followed by a local execution stage to select a feasible path node guided by this target. Experimental results demonstrate that DRL-SCFO achieves superior solution quality compared with existing DRL-based routing optimization methods on multi-floor pickup and delivery problems, and shows good adaptability across different task topologies and problem scales.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-03
  • 最后修改日期:2026-08-17
  • 录用日期:2026-08-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-09-16
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