强化学习驱动的进化算法求解多车覆盖配送问题
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TP181;U491

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国家社会科学基金年度项目(24GBL247);国家自然科学基金项目(62403272).


Reinforcement learning-driven evolutionary algorithm for solving multi-vehicle covering delivery problem
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    摘要:

    包裹储物柜有效解决了末端配送客户与快递员交接时间不匹配的问题. 然而, 随着包裹储物柜的大量部署, 如何令客户更便利地使用储物柜进行交接, 已成为影响末端配送服务满意度的关键因素之一. 针对这一挑战, 提出考虑客户满意度的多车辆覆盖配送问题. 在问题层面, 运用问卷调查构建客户满意度函数, 进而建立该问题的数学模型; 在方法层面, 提出一种强化学习驱动的进化算法. 首先, 设计混合启发式方法, 用于生成高质量初始种群; 然后, 基于问题特性设计9种邻域算子与贪婪修复启发式方法, 用于高效搜索满意可行解; 接着, 提出一种强化学习驱动的搜索机制, 用于自适应选用合适算子; 最后, 设计一种基于单调下降基准函数的状态表征方法, 用于引导智能体学习算法的收敛进程. 仿真实验结果表明, 所提出算法在不同规模问题上均可获得高质量解, 其求解性能优于对比算法与求解器; 消融实验结果表明, 状态函数引导的强化学习搜索机制平均能够提升算法性能5%.

    Abstract:

    Parcel lockers effectively resolve the mismatched handover times between customers and couriers. However, with the widespread deployment of parcel lockers, selecting a locker convenient for customer handover has become one of the key factors influencing satisfaction in last-mile delivery services. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multi-vehicle coverage delivery problem considering customer satisfaction. At the problem level, a questionnaire survey approach is employed to model the customer satisfaction, thereby establishing the mathematical model for this problem. At the methodological level, a reinforcement learning-driven evolutionary algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a hybrid heuristic method is designed to generate a high-quality initial population. Secondly, nine neighbourhood operators and a greedy repair heuristic are devised based on the problem's characteristics to efficiently search for satisfactory feasible solutions. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning-driven search mechanism is proposed to adaptively select suitable operators. Finally, a state representation method based on a monotonic descent benchmark function is designed to guide the convergence process of the agent learning algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves high-quality solutions across problems of varying scales, exhibiting superior computational performance compared to benchmark algorithms and solvers. Ablation experiments reveal that the state function-guided reinforcement learning search mechanism enhances algorithmic performance by an average of 5%.

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潘立军,张伊帆,陈靖方,等.强化学习驱动的进化算法求解多车覆盖配送问题[J].控制与决策,2026,41(10):2845-2856

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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-09-14
  • 出版日期: 2026-10-10
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