基于分布式强化学习的配电网储能有功无功协同调控策略
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1.湘潭大学;2.中南大学

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TM734

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(1) 国家自然科学基金青年项目,串联型多逆变器系统的分散式自同步机理分析与弱中心化控制研究,项目编号:52307232,2024.01至2026.12,参与。 (2)湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年项目,新型电力系统自组织下多变流器串并联自同步与自趋优控制,项目编号:2024JJ4055,2024.01至2026.12,参与。


Coordinated active and reactive power control of energy storage in distribution networks based on distributed reinforcement learning
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    摘要:

    随着高比例分布式光伏在中低压配电网的接入,节点电压越限与潮流返送问题日益严峻.为应对光伏出力的随机性与波动性,配置分布式储能系统已成为提升配电网柔性调节能力的重要手段.受限于海量资源接入带来的高维求解瓶颈与线路高阻感比功率耦合特性,传统依赖物理模型的集中优化与单一无功控制方法难以实现系统高效可靠运行.为突破上述局限,实现复杂工况下多资源实时协同与全局优化,本文提出一种基于网络化分布式近端策略优化的有功-无功协同调控方法.构建基于独立学习范式的全分布式训练架构,智能体仅依赖局部观测及有限邻居通信即可逼近全局最优策略,有效解决了大规模配电网中的维数灾难问题.设计考虑逆变器容量约束的有功无功协同调控动作空间,将分布式储能充放电纳入有功调节动作,实现对电压波动的精准平抑.此外,将物理线路损耗引入奖励函数,引导智能体在改善电压合格率的同时优化潮流分布.所提方法具备多变工况下自主决策与快速响应能力,克服了现有集中式强化学习架构面临的全局信息获取困难、智能体探索效率低下等问题.基于33、141和322节点的配电网数据的仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同规模系统中均取得了较高的电压合格率,并在多数场景下兼顾了较低线路损耗,体现出较好的电压调节性能、综合优化效果和拓扑适应性.

    Abstract:

    High penetration of distributed photovoltaics in medium and low voltage distribution networks aggravates voltage violations and reverse power flow. Distributed energy storage systems can improve the regulation flexibility of distribution networks under the randomness and fluctuation of photovoltaic generation. However, traditional centralized optimization based on physical models and single reactive power control methods are difficult to coordinate massive resources effectively due to high-dimensional computation and active-reactive power coupling. To address these problems, this paper proposes an active-reactive power coordinated control method based on networked distributed proximal policy optimization. A fully distributed training framework based on independent learning is developed, where each agent relies only on local observations and limited neighboring information to approximate the global optimal policy, thus reducing the dimensionality burden in large scale distribution networks. A coordinated action space considering inverter capacity constraints is designed, in which the charging and discharging power of distributed energy storage systems is used for active power regulation to suppress voltage fluctuations. In addition, line losses are included in the reward function to guide power flow optimization while improving the voltage qualification rate.Simulation results on 33, 141, and 322 bus distribution networks show that the proposed method achieves high voltage qualification rates across different system scales and maintains relatively low line losses in most scenarios, demonstrating good voltage regulation performance, comprehensive optimization capability, and adaptability to different network topologies.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-05-25
  • 最后修改日期:2026-08-06
  • 录用日期:2026-08-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-08-21
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